<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698</id><updated>2011-07-28T15:47:43.446+03:00</updated><title type='text'>hybris solta</title><subtitle type='html'>sou uma partícula
de excesso solta logo nem
tenho cabimento</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>28</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-2231529508696482409</id><published>2009-12-11T22:10:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2009-12-11T22:11:16.952+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Qualia qua Qualitons (com Eros)</title><content type='html'>Qualia qua qualitons: mental qualities as abstract particulars&lt;br /&gt;Hilan Bensusan&lt;br /&gt;Eros Carvalho&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1. Qualia and (some) of their discontents&lt;br /&gt;Qualia are often posited to account for our sensory experience. They are a plausible thing to posit, at the face of it. There should be a qualitative element of perceptual experience that cannot be fully understood in terms of anything like beliefs, disposition to behave or mere neuron firings. These qualitative elements  account for the distinctive sensations of cold connected to the water in a mountain stream, of the overwhelming blueness of the deep ocean, of the acute pain associated to cutting oneself in a sharp stone etc. There is something subjective that remains unexplained no matter how you account for the mind in terms of beliefs and conceptual capacities, dispositions to behave or neuron interactions. The thesis is that any attempt to provide an ontology of the mind should  make room for those subjective, qualitative states. Qualia should therefore be accepted unless we can find resources somewhere else to fully explain them away.&lt;br /&gt;In a robust formulation, the ontology of qualia takes them to have three related but distinctive features:&lt;br /&gt;i.                  They are private. That is, they cannot be felt by anybody else but by the person who entertain them.  They are, in an important sense, subjective.&lt;br /&gt;ii.                They are indifferent to beliefs and arguably to other propositional attitudes.  Qualia are first-personal and cannot be overruled by third-personal considerations. I can find out that there was no dagger in front of me and stop believing there is one,  but that cannot rid me of the quale of a dagger in front of me.  (This feature can eventually be used to explain illusion situations – like the Miller-Lyer illusion – where we cannot stop ourselves from seeing what we know is not the case.) &lt;br /&gt;iii.              They are non-acquired.  People don't acquire their dispositions to have qualia, or at least not through conceptual education; they come the same way as heartbeat, blood circulation or muscle flexibility. One could enhance one´s capacity to feel things, but a certain minimal amount of qualia is inborn – and that seems important for the adaptation of the species. They don´t depend on concept acquisition nor on any other form of socialization or education. &lt;br /&gt;On the face of this formulation, we can either favor some kind of qualia-eliminativism according to which there simply isn't anything like qualia in our mental life, impressions to the contrary notwithstanding (including forms of qualia-reductionism that take to be qualia reduced to other items that are not private, incorrigible or non-acquired) or make room for these odd items in one' s ontology of the mind. We shall not  be concerned much with the first option here – but we will say something  about its motivations shortly. We shall rather engage in the effort of making sense of a robust ontology of qualia. &lt;br /&gt;David Chalmers has argued that there ought to be room in our ontology for subjective items, independently of their capacity to explain and predict other behavioral or functional states. An ontology informed by future physics (perhaps together with future biology, psychology or sociology) would have to be complemented with the postulation of subjective items like qualia. They are part of the furniture of the universe because they cannot be explained away as our subjective experience has an undeniable qualitative character that cannot be ignored. (CHALMERS, 1997). Chalmers then engages in considerations to do, for instance, with inverted qualia: two people could correctly identify, say, the same pair of colors but have inverted qualitative experiences associated to each of them. The idea is that qualia are independent of any recognition ability we might have acquired – and still are individuated in terms of our (color) vocabulary. Analogously, Jackson's Mary is understood as having the qualitative counterpart of red missing while she is in the black and white room. As she was not exposed to anything red, she did not display the ready-made expected subjective state corresponding to the image of something red (JACKSON, 1986). &lt;br /&gt;This appeal to a ready-made qualitative state corresponding to bits of our sensory vocabulary has been met with some suspicion. Non-acquired states seem incapable to carve the world at its joints – there cannot be any private (sensory) state waiting to be labeled by our sensory vocabulary, or so runs the suspicion.  In the 20th century, Wittgenstein and Sellars have championed variations of this suspicion: the former argued that there is no such thing as private states that can be identified and individuated without the help of our conceptual practices while the latter was convinced that psychological states could not display primacy with respect to our (conceptually and theoretically loaded) sensory vocabulary. Sellars put forward what he called psychological nominalism, a doctrine according to which our mental life is made of particulars (SELLARS, 1991, p. 160).&lt;br /&gt;The suspicion has driven many people to recoil from the postulation of qualia. Those subjective, private, incorrigible and non-acquired states seemed implausible on the light of the criticisms of the plausibility of conceptually unaided sensory discrimination, of the arguments against private mental contents or the mistrust of ready-made sensory items. We can refer to this suspicion as problems with the given, for short. If one is nevertheless also convinced of Chalmers' motivation to embrace a robust ontology of qualia, one finds oneself swinging between  an acceptance of those subjective states on the one hand – together with the discomfort brought about by the problems with the given – and a rejection of those state on the other – while allowing that the subjective quality of our sensory experience would be left unaccounted. If one is sensitive to both Chalmers' motivation and Wittgenstein and Sellars' suspicion, a dilemma presents itself: either there are qualia and something is given or nothing is given but the subjective character of our sensory experience remains unexplained.  In what follows, we will sketch of a way out of the dilemma. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2. Abstractions can be less than universal&lt;br /&gt;Properties are usually though of as (abstract) universals. Objects are concrete particulars that could be understood solely in terms of their properties (as varieties of bundle theories have claimed and substrata theories have denied). Nominalists, in general, voice problems with properties – they tend to think that there is little of ontologically substantial associated with predicates. A metaphysical alternative to (universal) properties is to consider tropes – abstract particulars. Keith Campbell has argued that trope theory can provide a way out for the dispute between bundle and substrata accounts of the (concrete particular) objects and vindicate the nominalist dislike of properties. Trope theory can understand both objects and properties as made of the same stuff (CAMPBELL, 1990).&lt;br /&gt;Tropes could be  monadic or n-adic where n&gt;1: the former are sometimes called qualitons and the latter relatons. Abstract particulars are bound together by some co-presence relation (that could be a provided by a relaton) forming objects. Instead of properties, trope theory takes every predication to involve particularity; 'x is a book' doesn't predicate the same property as 'y is a book' – our predicate 'book' does no more than point at some relevant similarity between x and y; it names no property.  The green of a leaf of grass is not the same as the green of another leaf – only they can be relevantly similar, similar enough for us to subject both leaved to the same predication. Trope theory, hence, embraces nominalism at the level of predication: there is something particular and substantial to every predication, the universality is nevertheless imposed on them by our names.&lt;br /&gt;A trope ontology typically involves tropes (that compose objects) and relations of co-presence. This is however not enough. In order to provide truth-makers to our (universal) predications – something that we need in order to explain why red things affect bulls in ways that blue ones don't – we need something akin to relations of similitude. There is something similar between all the green qualitons. Tropes and their effects are clustered together in ways that we can successfully capture in our tools for predications. Those clusters are not composed by identities – identities are always approximate. Similarity relations are often taken to be primary items in trope ontologies: instead of abstract universals, abstract particulars and relations of similitude between them.&lt;br /&gt;Surely, one could postulate tropes alongside with properties. Trope ontologies could also be mixed ontologies as there could be not only abstract universals but also abstract particulars. One could, for example, understand second-order abstractions to be tropes – objects can be predicated with properties while properties could be predicated with tropes. Or one could understand that there are levels of (ontological) similarity, when tropes are too similar, they constitute a property. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3. Qualia as qualitons&lt;br /&gt;Michael Tye has recently argued that there is no such thing as a quale corresponding to each state of the world; for example, a quale corresponding to every shade of blue someone is capable to detect (TYE, 2006). Tye argues that when two observers disagree as to whether a shade is true blue or greenish blue, there might not be a matter of fact as to which quale is the correct one. It is enough for our species sound adaptation that we have a state corresponding to a reasonably-sized class of shades of blue.  He's suggesting an independence between our effective and well-adapted sensory state and the qualia that support them. As far as adaptation (or adequacy to detect what is relevant in the surrounding environment) is concerned, the final sensory state is what matters; the (different) qualia could be no more that the (different) stuff on what this state is instantiated.&lt;br /&gt;We are now in a position to suggest that the dilemma in section 1 was due to our attachment to a metaphysics of properties. If we take qualia to be tropes – no matter whether there are (universal) properties in the world – we can bring together the advantages of both horns. On one side, we can make justice to Chalmers' motivations to postulate a robust ontology of qualia as we consider our sensory states as private, subjective, incorrigible by our  beliefs and non-acquired in conceptual education. Qualia are abstract particulars that are unaffected by our conceptual tools and indifferent to the uses we make of them to recognize final (conceptually loaded) sensory states like 'green', 'painful' or 'book-shaped'. They are subjective and unrelated to the states postulated by our public vocabulary on sensations – items discriminated by this vocabulary are recognized through our final sensory states that are themselves arrays of qualia. Our sensory concepts cluster our qualia together but they themselves correspond to no basic qualia – qualia are no more than the raw material each of us use to acquire sensory concepts. On the other hand, we can reject the given together with Wittgenstein and Sellars as there is no conceptual content already present in our qualitative sensory states. Qualia, that are qualitons and not properties, are particulars –  just  as would be recommended by a psychological nominalism – bring themselves no universal content, that is, nothing that can, for instance, be subject to Evans' generality constraint. Hence, it makes scarce sense to talk about inverted qualia as such a condition cannot be recognized – there is no such thing as a green qualia or a red qualia, qualia are states we are when we face specific instances of what we predicate (with the help of our acquired sensory concepts) as green or red. What corresponds to one person's final sensory state of seeing something red is an array of qualitons, each of them (possibly) unique. Jackson's Mary, therefore, is arguably endowed with new qualia when she leaves the black and white room. This means that she now has more resources to recognize something as red.  She will now have more qualia, but nothing that can be called a red quale.&lt;br /&gt;A qualiton account of qualia should also say something about similarity between sensory tropes. We take similarity relations to be acquired in our sensory concept acquisition. This makes room for Sellars' intuition that there cannot be a ready-made notion of, say, green before we acquire the means to make color predications. There is no natural way to cluster our qualia together; our sensory vocabulary can carve the world in its joints but it would be utterly mysterious if relations of similitude among qualia tropes where capable to carve our sensory vocabulary in its joints.  We take the acquisition of sensory concepts to be crucially an acquisition of patterns of similitude between qualia tropes. Qualia are resources available to us in order to learn how to use the sensory vocabulary that is inculcated in us when we acquire a public language. My capacity to recognize something as green depends on my available qualia, and can differ completely from the qualia technology anybody else has learned to use – different in terms of raw sensory states and in terms of the relations of similitude established therewith. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;4. Sensations and similitude&lt;br /&gt;If we consider solely the epistemology of sensations – how they justify our beliefs and how they respond to what there is – we might feel no need to appeal to qualia as qualitons. In fact, they can be of scarce help. Nor can qualia help, on this account, to explain how our sensations can be adaptive. In this sense, because qualia are only clustered together in stable ways after sensory concepts acquisition, the present account differs from Tye's. However, we might be interested in the qualitative sensory state behind our recognition of sensations - in the technology of recognition that is acquired with a public language.  An account of qualia that takes them to be tropes while keeping features i-iii above provides a model of acquisition as recognition of relevant relations of similarity (and difference) among qualitons. It can provide a model of what goes on privately while a public language is acquired. &lt;br /&gt;In section 304 of the PU, Wittgenstein responds to his interlocutor who asks him “But you will surely admit that there is a difference between pain-behaviour accompanied by pain and pain-behaviour without any pain? (…) And yet you again and again reach the conclusion that the sensation itself is a nothing”. The charge is that our basic qualitative sensory states such as the ones present when we have pain are irrelevant and can be dismissed – it is as if they were not present. Wittgenstein seems to want to say that indeed it is as if they were not present – at least if we describe our mental life in terms of the outcomes of a normal and functioning sensory apparatus – but still there is something present. He responds: “Not at all. It is not a something, but it is not a nothing either! The conclusion was only that a nothing would serve just as well as a something about which nothing can be said.”   The sensation, it seems, appears as a presence that cannot be used unaided in any predication – like one would expect of an abstract particular, usable in predication only when coupled with relations of similarity. Yet, the relations of similarity are introduced in our mental life with our concept acquisition and when we reach this point, it seems like they can do the job unaided by any sensation. The message doesn't seem to be that there are no qualia, but rather that there could be qualia if their existence doesn't require that they can be used unaided in predications. &lt;br /&gt;The view recommended is therefore one where similarity relations crucial for the acquisition of concepts.  One could, however, fear that judgments of similarity cannot get off the ground if all they have to start out with are mere abstract particulars. If one has the qualiton Q and is thought that it resembles  (in the relevant conceptual sense) qualiton R, but not qualiton P, how could one compare those qualitons without having them somehow present in the mind? In other words, how can my past qualia be retrieved when I need them to learn similarity relations if they are not (from the start) available to be in a conceptual format? The question resembles the one Wittgenstein poses at section 342 at the Investigations: how can a mute and death person recall thoughts she had before she was introduced to any language, written or otherwise? This is indeed a troublesome area, but we believe we can sketch a way out.&lt;br /&gt;Consider one's attention to quale Q. We assume attention is somehow different from predication – I can attend to Q without making a predication of the sort 'Q is φ' (note that the abstract particular is the subject of the possible predication). If I can attend to Q, then we can have it present to the mind, at least sometimes, together with P or R. This should be eventually enough to get the process started – a process of gradual refinement of conceptual formats so that what is roughly red eventually gets refined into different shades of red. Notice that this procedure of attention can be thoroughly private and subjective – it can differ completely from one to another person. Still, we believe this privacy is both enough to make sure qualia as qualitons are useful for concept acquisition and does not violate the kernel of the suspicion against private proto-conceptual contents. All that is required is that we can manage to attend to two qualitons at the same time so that we can start to grasp the notions of similarity and relevant difference.&lt;br /&gt;Qualia act as enabling conditions for concept acquisition. They act along with several other states and capacities – among them the capacity to attend to particulars in the world. We start out with particular mental states that respond to particular items in the world – the blue of a lake, the green of a leaf, the coldness of a glass of water.  These are responses that we postulate to explain our learning abilities. Our final sensory state will require concepts and we should judge their adaptiveness irrespective of the qualia we have used to acquire them. As mental particulars, qualia are private in the same sense as our genes, our bodies or our voice is private. They are not private in the more robust sense that some people claim that thoughts are private. They are not private contents in the sense that they can provide private predications. But they are subjective and satisfy the first feature mentioned in section 1 . They are particulars that are subsumed by (sensory) concepts when we acquired them; they do justice to the intuition that sensations are there to be predicated by our concepts. They are indifferent to our beliefs and hence they satisfy feature ii – but with a qualification. They cannot themselves, however, explain illusions (such as the Miller-Lyer illusion mentioned above) as they cannot be used unaided in predications. Finally, they are non-acquired.&lt;br /&gt;A last point about properties and tropes in general. Qualia understood as qualia are such that relations of similarity are acquired when we acquire conceptual capacities. They are acquired. That, however, implies neither that the world has no properties – only tropes -  nor that relations of similarity between world tropes are imposed on them by us. It could be that the only abstract particulars in our ontology are qualia. It could also be that world qualitons are such that the world itself somehow provides relevant relations of similarity that we cannot expect to do more than carve these relations of similarity on their joints. So, it could be that greenish blue and deep blue are relevantly similar as a matter of fact – no matter that we, as users of a particular language, cluster them in different color groups; and no matter that instances of them appear to us as mind tropes waiting to be subsumed by our concepts that aim at capturing the relevant similarities in the world. &lt;br /&gt;The thesis that qualia are qualitons is no more than a thesis about our mental life while we acquire and manage sensory concepts. It has no general implications for our ontology of properties or other abstractions. But it has implications for our intuitions about sensations and their relations to concepts. We believe that they begin to turn the general process of concept acquisition intelligible. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References&lt;br /&gt;CAMPBELL, K. Abstract Particulars. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990. &lt;br /&gt;CHALMERS, D. The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. Oxford University Press, 1997. &lt;br /&gt;JACKSON, F. “What Mary Didn't Know”. The Journal of Philosophy, V. 85, N. 5,  1986, pp. 291-295.  &lt;br /&gt;SELLARS, W. Science, Perception and Reality. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1991. &lt;br /&gt;TYE, M. “The Puzzle of True Blue”. Analysis, V. 66, July, 2006.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-2231529508696482409?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/2231529508696482409/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=2231529508696482409' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/2231529508696482409'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/2231529508696482409'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2009/12/qualia-qua-qualitons-com-eros.html' title='Qualia qua Qualitons (com Eros)'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-6884951245339882754</id><published>2009-12-11T21:56:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-12-11T22:08:58.976+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Em defesa das massas</title><content type='html'>Sloterdijk entende que as massas sempre foram entendidas como dignas de desprezo: ou eram objeto de manipulação e nada mais ou eram matéria prima para um trabalho de conscientização que as transformaria em genuínos agentes políticos. Ele aponta para Spinoza (cf. Negri talvez) como uma alternativa rara. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As massas são interpeladas - por exemplo e tipicamente, pela polícia. Se a interpelação constitui sujeito, pronto, já as massas são sujeito. E são sujeito puramente mediático, são meio de contaminação, são instrumentos de ressonância. Quando mais desindividuadas estão as massas, melhor elas ressoam - melhor elas atuam como um plano liso onde os eventos se propagam. É como uma arena de desejos em ebulição, coacervados de plataformas políticas; nem é que elas criam os desejos ou que elas se libertam dos desejos estabelecidos - mas elas os disponibilizam. Trata-se de um ambiente para os desejos, com impecilhos próprios, mas onde velocidades diferentes convivem - os que correm, os que ficam para trás, os que olham em volta, os que obedecem quem está perto, os que desobedecem os que estão perto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As massas se dispersam: as multidões organizadas que são os indivíduos retornam aos corpos. Quanto eles podem tardar indica quanto estão controladas as forças dos corpos que se prestam (e emprestam) à massa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-6884951245339882754?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/6884951245339882754/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=6884951245339882754' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6884951245339882754'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6884951245339882754'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2009/12/em-defesa-das-massas.html' title='Em defesa das massas'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-7316878920393793119</id><published>2009-12-11T21:33:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-12-11T21:56:54.948+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Externalismo Bidimensionalista</title><content type='html'>Evans formula assim o Principio de Russell:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(PR) S não pode fazer um julgamento (ou uma predicação) acerca de x se S não for capaz de saber o que é x. (Saber entendido como capacidade de discriminar x suficientemente)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma das maneiras rápidas de formular o não-descritivismo quanto a referência é a de negar PR. Posso fazer um julgamento sobre Sócrates apenas sabendo usar a lógica dos nomes próprios - e a cadeia de comunicação, que divide o trabalho de determinar a referência das minhas expressões, fará o resto do serviço. Analogamente, Kaplan diz que eu preciso apenas conhecer a lógica dos demonstrativos para poder usar, referindo, termos como "aqui". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evans, e uma tradição bidimensionalista inspirada por ele, estaria pronto a negar uma versão mais fraca do Princípio de Russell:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(PR') S não pode comunicar um julgamento (ou exprimir uma predicação) acerca de x se S não for capaz de saber o que é x. (Saber entendido como capacidade de discriminar x suficientemente)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ou seja, o caminho é entregar os anéis da comunicação aos revolucionários não-descritivistas (aceitar a negação de PR') e manter os dedos do pensamento (manter PR). Aqui a estratégia de negociação teria que negar também a seguinte tese sobre a relação entre comunicação e pensamento:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(CP) Quando S comunica p, S pensa (ou é capaz de pensar) p.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A negação de CP, que permite que se negue PR' e se aceite PR, é uma tese que tem também um sabor externalista (como a negação de PR). O externalismo bidimensionalista (talvez como o externalismo fregeano) é um externalismo que retém um elemento de pensamento como tendo que satisfazer ao requisito do contato congnitivo como seu objeto. Vão se os usos, fica a estrutura profunda do conteúdo de pensamento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E isso?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-7316878920393793119?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/7316878920393793119/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=7316878920393793119' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7316878920393793119'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7316878920393793119'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2009/12/externalismo-bidimensionalista.html' title='Externalismo Bidimensionalista'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-8921698680022321723</id><published>2008-12-28T01:57:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-28T02:03:14.465+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Diferença sexual: ferramentas do mestre?</title><content type='html'>Artemis 9:&lt;br /&gt;http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/artemis/issue/view/356/showToc&lt;br /&gt;lá tem o nosso Transtactus, uma tentativa de usar recursos que vem da insistência na diferença sexual para pensar questões trans.&lt;br /&gt;O que são as ferramentas do mestre, a binariedade ela mesma ou uma forma de entender binariedade que vem sendo martelada desde que começamos a pensar que há um Mesmo e um(a) Outra(o)?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-8921698680022321723?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/8921698680022321723/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=8921698680022321723' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8921698680022321723'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8921698680022321723'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/12/diferena-sexual-ferramentas-do-mestre.html' title='Diferença sexual: ferramentas do mestre?'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-7999299195272901869</id><published>2008-12-03T08:27:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2008-12-03T08:32:12.426+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Pós E&amp;E</title><content type='html'>E&amp;amp;E mais uma vez lançado, desta vez na Barca Brasília que sai do Bay Park Pier às 19:30 no dia 5 de dezembro. Será um café filosófico com Lúcia Pulino, Julio Cabrera, Gerson Brea e Cláudio Reis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De resto, três publicações pós-E&amp;amp;E:&lt;br /&gt;1. Na Artemis sai a "Como pode a diferença sexual fazer diferença?"&lt;br /&gt;2. A Trilhas Filosóficas submeti "O mundo não é só uma paisagem de atualidades"&lt;br /&gt;3. No livro sobre externalismo e auto-conhecimento organizado pelo Waldomiro, "De primeira pessoa mas não pessoal".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Links para os textos em breve...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-7999299195272901869?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/7999299195272901869/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=7999299195272901869' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7999299195272901869'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7999299195272901869'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/12/ps-e.html' title='Pós E&amp;E'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-4200260592380637450</id><published>2008-11-06T06:06:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-11-06T06:07:12.736+02:00</updated><title type='text'>AMANHÃ</title><content type='html'>No café com letras, nessa quinta-feira, 6, às 20 horas soltamos o E&amp;amp;E em Brasília.&lt;br /&gt;Venham!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-4200260592380637450?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/4200260592380637450/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=4200260592380637450' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/4200260592380637450'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/4200260592380637450'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/11/amanh.html' title='AMANHÃ'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-5311896484913845872</id><published>2008-10-22T02:24:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-22T02:26:37.458+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Comprar Excessos e Exceções II</title><content type='html'>Agora, em Brasília, Excessos e Exceções na estante da Livraria Cultura.&lt;br /&gt;O Chiquinho promete o livro para alguns dias.&lt;br /&gt;LANÇAMENTO: DIA 6 DE NOVEMBRO no Café com Letras,&lt;br /&gt;heheheh&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-5311896484913845872?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/5311896484913845872/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=5311896484913845872' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/5311896484913845872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/5311896484913845872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/comprar-excessos-e-excees-ii.html' title='Comprar Excessos e Exceções II'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-7284390641870920626</id><published>2008-10-14T04:28:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-14T04:32:49.612+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lançamento de E&amp;E V</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPP2iMKSmRI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/Hi424r2c9dk/s1600-h/DSCN3641.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPP2iMKSmRI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/Hi424r2c9dk/s400/DSCN3641.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5256816257311873298" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Merçon celebra E&amp;amp;E, Canela&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-7284390641870920626?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/7284390641870920626/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=7284390641870920626' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7284390641870920626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7284390641870920626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/lanamento-de-e-v.html' title='Lançamento de E&amp;E V'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPP2iMKSmRI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/Hi424r2c9dk/s72-c/DSCN3641.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-7714400199107641626</id><published>2008-10-14T04:22:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-14T04:27:04.017+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lançamento de E&amp;E IV</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPP1Sj81vMI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/nDCfFZ4Kdf4/s1600-h/DSCN3651.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPP1Sj81vMI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/nDCfFZ4Kdf4/s400/DSCN3651.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5256814889308372162" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Canela borrada&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-7714400199107641626?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/7714400199107641626/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=7714400199107641626' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7714400199107641626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/7714400199107641626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/lanamento-de-e-iv.html' title='Lançamento de E&amp;E IV'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPP1Sj81vMI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/nDCfFZ4Kdf4/s72-c/DSCN3651.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-289804778374619492</id><published>2008-10-14T04:18:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-14T04:22:08.230+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lançamento de E&amp;E III</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPzsowi7cI/AAAAAAAAAQs/xcruaN9bRYs/s1600-h/canela+062.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPzsowi7cI/AAAAAAAAAQs/xcruaN9bRYs/s400/canela+062.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5256813138252328386" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;César, Edla, algumas luzes de Porto Alegre&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-289804778374619492?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/289804778374619492/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=289804778374619492' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/289804778374619492'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/289804778374619492'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/csar-edla-algumas-luzes-de-porto-alegre.html' title='Lançamento de E&amp;E III'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPzsowi7cI/AAAAAAAAAQs/xcruaN9bRYs/s72-c/canela+062.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-1453463791965827020</id><published>2008-10-14T04:12:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-14T04:17:37.980+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lançamento de E&amp;E II</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPyfeDeUDI/AAAAAAAAAQk/ZrBbR4A8cIM/s1600-h/canela+080.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPyfeDeUDI/AAAAAAAAAQk/ZrBbR4A8cIM/s400/canela+080.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5256811812529000498" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ana Paula, Excessos, Excessões, Exceções&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-1453463791965827020?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/1453463791965827020/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=1453463791965827020' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1453463791965827020'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1453463791965827020'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/lanamento-de-e-ii.html' title='Lançamento de E&amp;E II'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPyfeDeUDI/AAAAAAAAAQk/ZrBbR4A8cIM/s72-c/canela+080.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-6170798533346660759</id><published>2008-10-14T04:01:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-14T04:06:31.123+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lançamento de E&amp;E I</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPwPLwLmJI/AAAAAAAAAQc/dsk0faFCWEw/s1600-h/canela+063.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPwPLwLmJI/AAAAAAAAAQc/dsk0faFCWEw/s400/canela+063.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5256809333715081362" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na Livraria Cultura em Porto Alegre com Malbec Trapiche&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-6170798533346660759?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/6170798533346660759/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=6170798533346660759' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6170798533346660759'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6170798533346660759'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/lanamento-de-e-i.html' title='Lançamento de E&amp;E I'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SPPwPLwLmJI/AAAAAAAAAQc/dsk0faFCWEw/s72-c/canela+063.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-1618788631036162308</id><published>2008-10-14T03:43:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-14T03:46:28.182+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Comprar Excessos e Exceções I</title><content type='html'>Em todo o país na Livraria Cultura online.&lt;br /&gt;Eles prometem entrega em um dia útil.&lt;br /&gt;Em breve em muitos outros pontos, por enquanto, que eu saiba, apenas em São Leo (RS) na Livraria Cultural.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-1618788631036162308?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/1618788631036162308/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=1618788631036162308' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1618788631036162308'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1618788631036162308'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/comprar-excessos-e-excees-i.html' title='Comprar Excessos e Exceções I'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-6903235952005578473</id><published>2008-10-08T07:22:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-08T07:23:33.876+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Saiu o Excessos e Exceções</title><content type='html'>Excessos e Exceções lançando na cabeça do filipe ceppas hoje, fotos em breve.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passei o dia lambendo o livro, a tipografia ficou maneira.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-6903235952005578473?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/6903235952005578473/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=6903235952005578473' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6903235952005578473'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6903235952005578473'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/saiu-o-excessos-e-excees.html' title='Saiu o Excessos e Exceções'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-8370315352975616552</id><published>2008-10-05T14:30:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-05T14:32:29.070+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Carimbo torto</title><content type='html'>Fiz um carimbo de identificação. Mas o email saiu errado. Deveria ser assim:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;============hilanb@unb.br==============================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;eita. E o Excessos e Exceçöes chega às bancas esta semana.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-8370315352975616552?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/8370315352975616552/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=8370315352975616552' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8370315352975616552'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8370315352975616552'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/carimbo-torto.html' title='Carimbo torto'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-1786890434240947216</id><published>2008-10-01T01:17:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-01T01:25:29.886+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Potências que não</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SOKlxNz_7pI/AAAAAAAAAQU/qHxn629ZvKY/s1600-h/capahilan%28cesar%29.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SOKlxNz_7pI/AAAAAAAAAQU/qHxn629ZvKY/s400/capahilan%28cesar%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251942380407352978" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não precisamente com essa capa, mas o livro ficou pronto hoje.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-1786890434240947216?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/1786890434240947216/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=1786890434240947216' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1786890434240947216'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1786890434240947216'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/potncias-que-no.html' title='Potências que não'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lk28kfO62bg/SOKlxNz_7pI/AAAAAAAAAQU/qHxn629ZvKY/s72-c/capahilan%28cesar%29.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-21270641002973155</id><published>2008-10-01T00:34:00.003+03:00</published><updated>2008-10-01T01:09:14.580+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Dubitável?</title><content type='html'>Ontem na aula formulamos um argumento cartesiano pela existência de uma substância com a propriedade (categórica) de ser duvidante:&lt;br /&gt;(1) Meus sentidos já me enganaram (experiência de erro)&lt;br /&gt;(2) Meus sentidos podem me enganar a cada instância em que eles são usados   (1, generalização, introdução de possibilidade)&lt;br /&gt;(3) Meus sentidos podem me enganar em todas as instâncias em que eles são usados (2, CT)&lt;br /&gt;(4) Meu raciocínio já me enganou (experiência de erro)&lt;br /&gt;(5) Meu raciocínio pode me enganar a cada instância em que ele é usado (4, generalização, introdução de possibilidade)&lt;br /&gt;(6) Meu raciocínio pode me enganar em todas as instâncias em que ele é usado (5, CT)&lt;br /&gt;...&lt;br /&gt;(i) Posso estar enganado acerca de tudo&lt;br /&gt;(Lema) Sou capaz de duvidar de tudo (i, cautela diante da possibilidade do engano)&lt;br /&gt;(L1) Há algo com a propriedade disposicional de duvidar de tudo &lt;br /&gt;(L2) Deve haver uma base categórica para qualquer propriedade disposicional (suposição atualista de base para as disposições)&lt;br /&gt;(L3) Deve haver uma propriedade categórica de ser duvidante (L1, L2, explicação do Lema)&lt;br /&gt;(L4) Há uma substância com a propriedade categórica de ser duvidante&lt;br /&gt;Algumas observações:&lt;br /&gt;sobre CT) Chamo de CT as inferências modais de cada para todo. Trata-se de uma inferência que não é garantida: que cada bilhete de loteria pode ser premiado não se segue que todos os bilhetes de loteria podem ser premiados.&lt;br /&gt;sobre as reticências) Algo análogo vale para memória, testemunho etc.&lt;br /&gt;sobre L1-L3) Há vários passos questionáveis no argumento. Aqui o argumento se compromete com um certo atualismo, com a idéia de que disposições requerem bases.&lt;br /&gt;Interessante considerar uma variante de L2 (e de todo o resto do argumento) baseada na idéia de Hinge Propositions do Da Certeza de Wittgenstein:&lt;br /&gt;(L2) Posso duvidar de tudo se posso me apoiar em proposições empíricas que funcionam como eixos, como dobradiças para a dúvida.  (explicação de Lema)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-21270641002973155?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/21270641002973155/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=21270641002973155' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/21270641002973155'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/21270641002973155'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/10/dubitvel.html' title='Dubitável?'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-8122335786448113992</id><published>2008-09-16T14:50:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2008-09-16T14:52:38.707+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Excessos e Exceções - o clip</title><content type='html'>O livro vem a tona no dia 5 de outubro nas serras gauchas. Estava na hora de fazer um videpclip sobre ele. Fizemos duas tomadas no domingo passado do que chamei "Matéria Primadonna (ou Excessos e Exceções, o clip)", a versão A e a versão B.&lt;br /&gt;Agora pergunto ao público em geral qual é a melhor versão, A ou B? Vou escolher entre as duas em duas semanas de acordo com a votação nos blogs - como votas?&lt;br /&gt;(A) http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=aO00hFuIkpc&lt;br /&gt;(B) http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=LFTGObvkxjI&lt;br /&gt;hehehe&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-8122335786448113992?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/8122335786448113992/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=8122335786448113992' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8122335786448113992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8122335786448113992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/09/excessos-e-excees-o-clip.html' title='Excessos e Exceções - o clip'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-850206507093810723</id><published>2008-09-14T05:03:00.003+03:00</published><updated>2008-09-14T05:25:11.490+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Pronto? como 'leaves of grass'</title><content type='html'>Parece que no dia 5 de outubro vai estar pronto o Excessos e Exceções. Ainda não sei de que cor ele vai ser (quero que seja cinza) e parece que nem vou ter acesso às provas. Lanço a sorte e fico mordendo vegetais crus. Lá pelas tantas digo que os excessos nunca ficam prontos - gosto dessa idéia e me dá vontade de fazer um pequeno filme sobre ela, com as imagens que eu queria fazer para a capa do livro.  Vou tentar fazer um lançamento em Porto Alegre, no sábado depois do lançamento de Canela e de ir para Buenos Aires. E depois vou lançar ele em alguns outros lugares - em Salvador no ano que vem, talvez na mesma época do colóquio de metafísica de Natal, do qual eu estou tentando me aproximar. Eu estou querendo um idílio com esse livro.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-850206507093810723?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/850206507093810723/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=850206507093810723' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/850206507093810723'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/850206507093810723'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/09/pronto-como-leaves-of-grass.html' title='Pronto? como &apos;leaves of grass&apos;'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-8247041243511235701</id><published>2008-09-09T05:24:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2008-09-09T05:26:09.066+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Buenos Aires: intencionalidade física e normatividade</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;1. I take part of the endeavour of the &lt;i style=""&gt;Investigations&lt;/i&gt; to be that of carrying out a thorough critique of immediacy in the various forms it appears in most of the available conceptions of language and thought. Appeals to immediacy are often appeals to what is ready-made: something that is barely present to the mind independently of what else is there. What is immediately apprehended is what is inserted amid our thoughts without being affected by any of the rest of them. So, the idea that sensations can be recognized as such – as internal episodes of a given character – without appeal to any other thought occurrence is encouraged by a license for something to be present in thought while standing in the shoulders of no other content. Likewise, the idea that a rule can be apprehended solely by looking at its examples is possible only if it makes sense to take something like attention as indifferent to any further elements within a landscape of thoughts. Immediacy is what lacks in connection – what stands alone; content that runs in its own alley independently of the surroundings. At least part of a suspicion against the postulation of immediate contents is based on arguments that make explicit the connections between each thought and its place within a structured landscape of thought. The suspicion is that much else has to be present in order for thoughts to get off the ground. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The idea that we entertain immediate contents runs indeed often together with the conception that at least some of our contents can be individuated and identified without any appeal to any other. Immediacy is related to the idea that contents can come in an atomistic form: an atom of content subsist on its own. Rejection of immediacy pushes us in a direction allowing for semantic (and other) interconnections between thought items: thoughts are not isolatable items like pieces in a mosaic but rather display a measure of inter-animation. The contrast of thoughts conceived as isolated atoms on the one hand and the several varieties (and degrees) of thought holism invokes &lt;i style=""&gt;modal&lt;/i&gt; features. Consider immediacy – and its accompanying measure of content atomism – is considering the &lt;i style=""&gt;possibility&lt;/i&gt; of contents to affect each other. A content that is immediately received (say, by one’s senses) is such that none of our other capacities could &lt;i style=""&gt;affect &lt;/i&gt;it.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The immediate has some family resemblance to what is categorical – (barely) present and unaffected by any other simultaneous track of thought. Here is an interesting common feature between what is categorical and what is immediate: both seem to be somehow related to what is purely actual; as opposed to what harbours potentialities. The purely actual is something that doesn’t depend on its surroundings: it’s completely (or barely) there independently of what else is around. Contrast the idea of sensorial experience as pure receptivity – as given – to a conception of experience as requiring a contribution of conceptual capacities in such a way that no deliverance of the senses can take place unless such capacities are present. In the second case, it is no longer an actual, ready-made, categorical content inserted into our thought but rather a product of a conjunction of powers. The idea of a given – or of immediately received contents – is that of a receptivity is exercised through the assimilation of a categorical, ready-made content where what is received can no longer be affected by whatever else is present in thought. By contrast, receptivity could be understood in terms devoid of any categorical element: as a pure power that once put together with other (conceptual) capacities could entail a content. In that picture, the deliverances of the senses would be entangled with what else is known and believed: the senses would capture no more than a power, a potentiality – the senses are modally connected to what is present in thought. Immediate content, on the other hand, is received in an actual form; this is what makes it indifferent to whatever else is maintained. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The dispute concerning immediate, given content within the mind can be viewed as a special case of a greater dispute concerning categorical and dispositional properties – and, in general, the actual and the potential. Thought – as much as it occurs within normative, rule-governed states – deals in modalities. An ontology of thought is an ontology of dispositions: an ontology of states that are powers. Clearly, powers of a special sort – their normative character alone make them special. However, thoughts belong among the powers – among the states that can scarcely understood without an appeal to &lt;i style=""&gt;possibilia&lt;/i&gt;. Adopting a non-atomistic conception of thought – where each item cannot be taken as distinct and individuated and identified with no reference to the others – is enough to sense the demand for a measure of modal inter-animation. Thoughts are empowered by other thoughts and, in their turn, make other thoughts active. In this work, I would like to explore this modal feature of the ontology of thoughts. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;2. Thought moves within a space; a logical space against what contents can be recognized, identified, individuated. That logical space is a background against which each content can play its roles. That space can be considered in modal terms and we can appeal to an ontology of thought contents that take them to be non-actual states. An element of such an ontology for thought can be found in the idea that thoughts are (among other things) powers. George Molnar (2003), in his attempt to characterize powers without appeal to elements akin to the tradition of considering disposition in terms of its manifestations, draws a parallel between Brentano’s characterization of intentionality and the capacity of powers in general to be directed towards something – what he calls Physical Intentionality. Physical intentionality – that he takes as the mark of powers – can be understood in terms of the four-fold characterization below:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;i.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;It is directed to something beyond itself; in the case of thought, is directedness towards something beyond itself takes place in the usual sense of being about something beyond itself. The underlying elements of thought, that cannot be said to be about anything for they are not normative states, can still be said to be directed towards something else. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;ii.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;It could be directed towards something nonexistent. Thought could be about something that doesn’t exist. As something could be soluble in a non-available solvent, we can have conceptual capacities directed towards what never happens to be presented to our thoughts.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;iii.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;It is disposed towards exemplars and prototypes rather than specific or singular items. The case of conceptual capacities for experience illustrates this feature. &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;But also our bodily dispositions can be said to be to some extent indifferent to some specifics while responsive to some general dimensions of surrounding objects.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;iv.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;                 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;It is sensitive to the way the intended item is presented. This is a feature not only of what responds to modes of presentation but also of nonnormative states that respond to shape, colour, doses or whatever can vary with the way the intended item is presented.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;So, for instance, a bee seeks a flower no matter its shape or colour – as we conceive of a man independently of his height. A bee seeks a specific presentation of a flower, a flower pill could contain all that it needs but it would still not go for it. Assuming a bee has no thought contents, it follows a physical intentionality out of its inclinations. No matter how convinced we are by attempts to understand intentionality in terms of proper functions, we can draw the conclusion that inclinations are themselves intentional. They cannot be understood themselves as categorical – they are dispositional in character and, if the mark of a power is physical intentionality, intentionality can be taken to be present already within inclinations – concept acquisition introduces normativity in a picture that is already intentional. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Consider the pupil of the famous example of Wittgenstein’s &lt;i style=""&gt;Investigations&lt;/i&gt; (PU, I, §185) can be said to have a particular intentional inclination at each stage of the process of learning how to follow the rule “+&lt;st1:metricconverter productid="2”" st="on"&gt;2”&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt;. The pupil’s behaviour can be seen as a product of a systematic error due to having seen the examples given as cases of something like “+4 when the sequence is greater than &lt;st1:metricconverter productid="1000”" st="on"&gt;1000”&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt;. This can be described as an intentional inclination of the pupil. The pupil responds to the inclination in the duration of the acquisition of the rule – and possibly forever. Wittgenstein acknowledges that there could be fully articulated (mistaken) intentional items by saying that there is no way to distinguish a systematic from a non-systematic error in a pupil. Inclinations don’t have to be seen as outside the scope of the intentional as a categorical raw material for conceptuality, they could be taken as being as intentional as the rule that in the expected end of the process the pupil will supposedly entertain. The important difference – between inclination-based and rule-governed action – is then not a question of intentionality, as both rules and inclinations satisfy the Brentano-Molnar conditions for physical intentionality. The difference is one of normativity: what is inculcated in the process of learning to follow a rule. That learning takes place in a background of modal inclinations. (Physical) intentionality can therefore be seen as being there from the beginning.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;3. Thoughts have a dimension of physical intentionality. Thought contents are dispositional ingredients to produce other thought contents. An understanding of content in terms of its inferential powers – an inferentialist take – makes visible how there is no need to postulate categorical elements within a landscape of thoughts: inference tickets don’t need to be considered as taking us to a categorical state. If contents are understood in terms of their power of infer, their inferentiability, we can understand thoughts in dispositionalist terms: they are powers that engender further powers. It is as if thoughts are more like bus routes than like bus stops. Representations would make thought contents directed to a categorical state while thinking of thought in terms of its inferentiabilities contrasts with the image where it is first seen in terms of what it is about. Inferentialism can be seen as a form of pan-dispositionalism about the mind – there is no content that cannot be seen as an inference ticket. That is, contents are about leading somewhere else that could be another content, another ticket somewhere else. As far as thoughts are concerned, to use a metaphor abused by a debate concerning the ubiquitous character of dispositional properties, thoughts are always packing and never travelling. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The insistence on inferentiability as power doesn’t entail that a thought content has to be taken as a bundle of inferentiabilities (of powers) but what it is about cannot be brought to view without the bundle. Thoughts are in dispositional relation one to the other and the elements in common with physical intentionality can be brought to view in the following 1-2 to 3 inference:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Snow is white&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;There is snow in this landscape&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;There is something white in this landscape&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Here, &lt;i style=""&gt;i.&lt;/i&gt; we understand &lt;st1:metricconverter productid="1 in" st="on"&gt;1 in&lt;/st1:metricconverter&gt; terms of its power, among others, to infer 3 on the presence of 2. &lt;i style=""&gt;ii.&lt;/i&gt; In the absence of 2, 1 would still be directed towards 3 – along with other powers it has – while not being part of the inference (unmanifested powers are therefore somehow actual). &lt;i style=""&gt;iii.&lt;/i&gt; Surely, 2 is not more than a prototype as it can be presented in many forms –&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;for example, by testimony, by perception, by inference – and what matters is that it can be conveyed in terms of 2. Finally, &lt;i style=""&gt;iv.&lt;/i&gt; one has to recognize the snow in order to conclude, from 1, something like 3; which is not possible if snow is presented in a very different format as for example, filling pink pills. In that case, the power of 1 would also remain unmanifested.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Full-fledged thoughts are interpretable and interpretation makes them recognizable as thought. We acquire new powers when we acquire the all-entwined capacities to use and recognize concepts – conceptual inculcation affects our affordances, our capacities to be active. Concepts make us respond to the world in ways that contrasts with our inclinations and provide an environment rendered fixed by assuming that some powers are not present. So, the concept of red is acquired together with the assumption that often the light conditions are going to remain the same – and no further power will intrude this artificially limited set-up. Concepts introduce lab-like limitations in our environment and this is part of our activity of focusing on parts of the integrated whole that compose the world: the contribution of our sovereignty is to fix some modal connections in the world by rendering some further powers sterile. The introduction of fixity – of &lt;i style=""&gt;ceteris paribus&lt;/i&gt; scenarios – is arguably not an exclusivity of conceptual activity (and of our sovereignty over our world-view). Many physical and biological powers depend on a fixed environment: the frog (physically) intends a fly and is not geared to an environment full of fly replicas; salt will not dissolve under extreme temperatures, the bee goes for a flower-looking object and not towards a flower pill that might contain what it needs, etc. Features &lt;i style=""&gt;iii.&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i style=""&gt;iv. &lt;/i&gt;of the Brentano-Molnar characterization of physical intentionality suggest that other powers have the capacity to produce a &lt;i style=""&gt;ceteris paribus&lt;/i&gt; scenario around them: &lt;i style=""&gt;iii.&lt;/i&gt; the capacity to be directed towards exemplars and prototypes of an item and assume its specifics have irrelevant powers and &lt;i style=""&gt;iv.&lt;/i&gt; the capacity to be directed to something in a specific presentation assuming that other powers could not affect the presentation of the directed item. Responsiveness to concepts, and the normativity associated to it, are special powers: norms carry commitments and obligations that are associated with the idea of correctness. Inclinations (for example, inclinations to infer one or another possible conclusion) themselves don’t respond to what is correct – it is however the (dispositional) ingredient for correctness.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-right: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;4.Brandom (2001) points at a Kantian argument revived by Sellars to the extent that modal and normative vocabulary are present in every use of a descriptive, categorical vocabulary. The idea revolves around the Kantian notion of &lt;i style=""&gt;Notwendigkeit&lt;/i&gt;, that encompasses both obligations of the moral kind and natural laws that determine a course of events. Vocabularies bring with themselves a toolkit of implicit (modal and necessary) commitments that have a grip on users. Brandom takes &lt;i style=""&gt;Notwendigkeit&lt;/i&gt; to signpost a shift towards the viewing concepts as having a grip on us by bringing unavoidable commitments to users of categorical predicates. Normative terms enable us to think about the underlying normative structure in concept application. They are to be understood in an inferentialist framework: they are inference tickets to conclusions concerning the web of obligations where we found ourselves when we make moves within the logical space of concepts. Brandom’s claim amount to take normative predicates not representations of any kind of normative states but rather as elements to infer about where commitments – about where concepts take us independently of what we are prepared to undertake. Surely, if we talk about powers and feel ready to embrace something close to a pan-dispositionalist account of mental states, those states are not themselves more than paths towards some thought contents. In other words, the distinction between inferentialism and representationalism concerning mental states understood as powers blur. The normative structure of conceptual application, however, endow mental states with powers of a special kind – powers that draw routes in a structured board of commitments that come together with a collection of entitlements.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-right: 0.2in; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Normative vocabulary make explicit the &lt;i style=""&gt;Notwendigkeiten&lt;/i&gt; that those predicates carry. I claim that those predicates carry a commitment to specific &lt;i style=""&gt;ceteris paribus&lt;/i&gt; assumptions: that some powers are not going to intervene. To some extent at least, learning to use concept involves learning a set of those assumptions: something remains red when there is no light but is no longer red when black paint is thrown on it. Concept use is an activity bounded by norms – norms commit us to a pattern of fixed features that remain untouched by surrounding powers. Concepts carry in themselves a normative structure of commitments to what and where powers are to act. Goodman’s insistence on the amount of projection taking place in concept application aims at revealing how a commitment to some fixity is central to the grip concepts have on us. Predicates like ‘green’ make us postulate that things are going to be observed in a relevantly similar way in the future: the choice of the predicate is the adoption of a particular device to postulate what is to remain unaffected in future observations. Different projections concerning any future observation commit one to different assumptions of the &lt;i style=""&gt;ceteris paribus&lt;/i&gt; kind. This movement of postulating inanimate elements unaffected by surrounding powers seems to be at the kernel of the activity of formulating and applying categories. Categories are commitments to fixity. The raw material for categorization, however, is composed of modal states (powers) that make possible for thought contents to be dispositions to act – dispositions that make those contents animate. The fixity of our categories regulate those modal states within thought. An ontology of thought is an ontology of norms standing on the shoulders of a landscape of powers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-right: 0.2in; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Surely, we can only think about what is not fixed beyond the activity of categorization – of postulating that some dispositions are going to remain dormant – in the same way we talk about inclinations using our vocabulary of rule-governed concepts. Powers beyond categorization make themselves apparent because they leave marks that we can think about through concepts. That those marks are available is what enable us to compare the commitments of ‘green’ to those of ‘grue’ and to talk about systematic error as a special episode in learning to follow a rule (an episode that is often elusive and hard to spot). Like inclinations, those marks reveal the modal structure that underlies the normative structure of our vocabularies. It is not that we can step outside the logical space of reasons to envisage powers within thought but rather that we have resources within that space to make explicit what is underlying the structure of commitments that thought impose on us. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Thought requires conceptual capacities therefore the it trades in norms and intelligibility; contents cannot be understood but placed in appropriate semantic scenarios. Normativity – and the determination of content – cannot be reduced to purely modal features; as it is witnessed by the persistent failures of the dispositional accounts of rule-following. Dispositional properties of the mind cannot determine on their own the content of a thought – specifying content requires sensitivity to norms; the ability to somehow see the &lt;i style=""&gt;intended&lt;/i&gt; course of action given a finite number of examples shown. Powers cannot be the whole story about thought; normativity – to what thought is to respond – places specific (ontological) demands on the constituents of thought. However, it is reasonable to advance the hypothesis that an ontology of powers spreads from properties of the world to the capacities of thought and the underlying dispositions leave an accent in the way we think. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.3pt;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;References:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.3pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Brandom, R. (2001) “Modality, normativity, and intentionality”, &lt;i style=""&gt;Philosophy and Phenomenological Research&lt;/i&gt;, LXIII, 3, pp. 587-609. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.4pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;Molnar, G. (2003) &lt;i style=""&gt;Powers: a Study in Metaphysics, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Oxford&lt;/st1:City&gt;: &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Oxford&lt;/st1:PlaceName&gt;  &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;University&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; Press.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.3pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Wittgenstein, L. (PU) &lt;i style=""&gt;Philosophische Untersuchungen – Philosophical Investigations&lt;/i&gt;, Anscombe, G. E. M. (ed.), &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Oxford&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt;: Blackwell, 1953&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-8247041243511235701?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/8247041243511235701/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=8247041243511235701' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8247041243511235701'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/8247041243511235701'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/09/buenos-aires-intencionalidade-fsica-e.html' title='Buenos Aires: intencionalidade física e normatividade'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-1610808090731192038</id><published>2008-08-09T16:58:00.002+03:00</published><updated>2008-08-09T17:10:05.539+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Singularidades para além de E&amp;E</title><content type='html'>Então achei que poderíamos entender a singularidade em termos de potências. Eu estava temeroso de tentar juntar ontologia de potências a minha ontologia sem cabimento. Mas Manuel deu o primeiro passo: singularidades em fuga podem ser entendidas em termos de resistências (e affordances). Bem, vamos tentar. Haecceitismo: é que só há um caso de cada coisa porque as potências (digamos resistências) dependem de todas as potências do mundo - cada item do mundo tem bracinhos extendidos em direção a muitos outros. Não é um haecceitismo necessário, mas é contingente.&lt;br /&gt;É que se trata, nesse caso de uma teoria do fardo. Sim, o fardo de resistências. Mas eu pensei e ainda penso: haecceitismo feio. Estamos olhando as singularidades desde um ponto de vista de terceira pessoa, como se escapar fosse apenas o exercício de alguma coisa - a atualização de uma potência, não pode ser assim. Pensei no fascinante diagnóstico de Bernard Williams sobre deliberar por meio de virtudes: a primeira pessoa não fica suficientemente envolvida. No caso das singularidades entendidas como fardos de potências: a singularidade fica reduzida a potências. Era o que Lévinas temia, um lugar no mundo para as singularidades termina sendo por as singularidades entre as categorias ontológicas.&lt;br /&gt;Acho que E&amp;amp;E não pode ser reduzido a uma ontologia de potências. Mas ainda assim vale explorar uma ontologia de potências: que não haja só poderes em função dos atos.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-1610808090731192038?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/1610808090731192038/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=1610808090731192038' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1610808090731192038'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1610808090731192038'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/08/singularidades-para-alm-de-e.html' title='Singularidades para além de E&amp;E'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-5055648695525315804</id><published>2008-06-15T22:51:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-06-15T22:51:44.362+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Ontologia de potências</title><content type='html'>O mapa (em alto relevo esboçado) está em:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://diferenssa.blogspot.com/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-5055648695525315804?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/5055648695525315804/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=5055648695525315804' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/5055648695525315804'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/5055648695525315804'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/06/ontologia-de-potncias.html' title='Ontologia de potências'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-2793621431891892688</id><published>2008-06-15T22:43:00.001+03:00</published><updated>2008-06-15T22:46:07.872+03:00</updated><title type='text'>A punchline?</title><content type='html'>Depois de meses longe da coisa, escrevi o posfácio a Excessos e Excessões:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div style=""&gt;  &lt;table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="padding: 0in 0.2in;" align="left" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 32.15pt; page-break-after: avoid; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 40pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;N&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;ietzsche diagnosticava que a atividade conceitual nascia da postulação da identidade do não-idêntico. Pode parecer que a identidade é postulada – ou mesmo projetada – sobre uma tela isenta dela. Procurar ver ao longe uma ontologia sem cabimento não é apertar os olhos até ver uma tela sem identidades: postular a identidade do não-idêntico acontece nos meandros onde nos encontramos. Não se trata de encontrar os &lt;i style=""&gt;ur&lt;/i&gt;-não-idênticos – uma ontologia de diferenças está muitas vezes prestes a estar refém de uma postulação de identidade – mas de espreitar a cada pensamento o não-idêntico que havia antes. O processo de interferência no que antes era não-idêntico é uma das formas em que o pensamento esbarra no mundo – e põe as diferenças &lt;st1:personname productid="em fuga. A" st="on"&gt;em fuga. A&lt;/st1:PersonName&gt; interferência tem uma microdinâmica; no meio dela as singularidades roçam o pensamento. Singularidades que não ficam prontas e que, já que estão ensaiando, não podem ser os itens que constituem, sustentam e substanciam universalidades. Entre as singularidades em fuga encontramos mais primadonas que matérias prima; elas aparecem em todos os momentos em que o pensamento – mesmo o que às vezes parece rasteiro – se vê as voltas com alguma &lt;i style=""&gt;hybris&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Excessos; e excessos não ficam prontos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Singularidades não são indivíduos – bolhas autônomas prontas em que cada pedaço se submete a uma ordem superior. Elas se fragmentam e são transitórias – nômades e granuladas. Pessoas singulares tampouco são prédios prontos com elevador e garagem, são conspirações de pedaços. Pedaços sujeitos a contaminação vinda de toda parte são mais como singularidades fugidias. Assim, a perspectiva de primeira pessoa é um ponto de vista de onde passam por experiências os pedaços que estão, em algum sentido, dentro de um território – uma posição com respeito à experiência. Não é certo que de uma confederação de pedaços postos em certa posição (de primeira pessoa) tenha que decorrer a instituição de reinos autônomos dos indivíduos e nem é a partir de tais reinos autônomos que começa a política. As relações políticas com o Outro começam com os outros pedaços dentro de nós; essas singularidades estão sob o risco de ficarem abarcadas, tratoradas, pré-pensadas. Também com elas há relações de cabimento. E então, quais são as singularidades que postulamos, instituímos ou reconhecemos? – lidar com o que não cabe, com o exemplo, com a exceção. Como elas não estão prontas, elas não estão prontas para figurar em uma lista. Encontrar uma singularidade em fuga é talvez uma capacidade do pensamento. Uma capacidade que diagnostica alguma coisa de ontológico: escapam as singularidades, e elas nem são o princípio de tudo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Se a filosofia trata de começos e não de princípios, tento destrinchar o começo de uma ontologia sem cabimento. E vendo de longe todos os capítulos de &lt;i style=""&gt;Excessos e Exceções&lt;/i&gt; emaranhados, me pergunto como seguir o fio da meada de tal ontologia; estar às voltas com o descabido ou em torno do que não cabe. Uma das pedras no sapato das identidades sempre foi a possibilidade – a &lt;i style=""&gt;possibilia&lt;/i&gt; faz as coisas prenhes de outras coisas; as deixam cheias do que não é elas. Vejo ao longe esses capítulos e escuto um mantra quase rouco: &lt;i style=""&gt;existir é tornar possível&lt;/i&gt;. Existir é carregar potência e, assim, carregar o que não cabe. O pensamento se mete com singularidades que não cabem porque o mundo está repleto do que não cabe em si – do que excede, do que transborda. São as potências que não se encaixam; e, assim, parece que o pensamento é uma parte desse mobiliário de rodinhas do universo que monta teias de identidades em um cenário em que nada cabe &lt;st1:personname productid="em si. O" st="on"&gt;em si. O&lt;/st1:PersonName&gt; mantra vai ganhando novas vozes e soa como um coro eleata: &lt;i style=""&gt;nada existe que não possa afetar. &lt;/i&gt;O pensamento faz a experiência da demasia: cada caso pensado está em outro – como se a &lt;i style=""&gt;possibilia&lt;/i&gt; colocasse mãos estendidas na beirada de todas as coisas. Procuro me afastar do coro, tento focar no que não tem cabimento. O pensamento também está sempre ébrio de começos – se esforça em fixar conteúdos que deslizam. Como nem fica fixo o espaço entre as estrelas, talvez o pensamento seja um sintoma de que por toda parte ficam sobras.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-2793621431891892688?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/2793621431891892688/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=2793621431891892688' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/2793621431891892688'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/2793621431891892688'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/06/punchline.html' title='A punchline?'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-4942051183559194128</id><published>2008-05-22T15:45:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2008-05-22T15:49:13.466+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Parece que sai o Excessos e Exceções</title><content type='html'>Recebi um email ontem da Idéias e Letras interessada em publicar o livro. Quero que ele saia até outubro para ele coincidir com o minicurso que eu propús a anpof:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Excessos e Exceções: o esforço para pensar a singularidade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;O mini-curso procurará explorar de diversas maneiras as dificuldades conciliar pensamento e singularidade. A idéia é explorar temas do meu livro &lt;i style=""&gt;Excessos e Exceções – Por uma ontologia sem cabimento&lt;/i&gt;. O tema da singularidade pensada convoca discussões em diversas tradições, tanto analíticas quanto continentais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;O curso começará abordando as dificuldades de conciliar o pensamento como uma teia de relações internas – tal como surge a partir das críticas ao imediato que remontam a Kant e Hegel – e a atenção a singularidade, que parece demandar alguma medida de relação externa. Apresentarei argumentos em favor de um holismo quanto ao pensamento e à significação. Tal holismo, no entanto, estará em tensão com a demanda de atenção a singularidades. Trato em seguida do tema do haecceitismo e como ele é apresentado e defendido: se a tese conversa à indiscernibilidade dos idênticos pode ser defendida. Isto leva rapidamente a questões relacionadas com a verdade e a inescrutabilidade da referência. Daí passamos para o esforço por conceber a possibilidade de pensamentos &lt;i style=""&gt;de re&lt;/i&gt;. Comparo este esforço com aquele para entender o singular sem enquadra-lo em uma descrição, &lt;st1:personname productid="em um Mesmo. Em" st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:personname productid="em um Mesmo." st="on"&gt;em um Mesmo.&lt;/st1:PersonName&gt; Em&lt;/st1:PersonName&gt; seguida considero a experiência entendida neste contexto, não como um componente de uma epistemologia (o que o holismo interdita), mas como uma parte do mundo – como parte da ontologia. Neste ponto estou em condições de apresentar minha solução para o problema de conciliar pensamento, entendido de uma perspectiva holista, e atenção a singularidade. Termino analisando algumas conseqüências da solução oferecida para a ontologia e a política. No percurso encontramos idéias e argumentos de filósofos como Quine, Davidson, Evans, McDowell, Russell, Derrida, David Kaplan, Lévinas, Deleuze, Guattari, Donnellan, Butler e Agamben &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;              &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;1. Holismo e atomismo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Haecceitismo vs anti-haecceitismo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Verdade, generalidade e singularidade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Pensamento de re&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Experiência, conteúdos de pensamento, atos de pensamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Imanência e singularidades em fuga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Uma ontologia não-fascista&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-4942051183559194128?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/4942051183559194128/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=4942051183559194128' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/4942051183559194128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/4942051183559194128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/05/parece-que-sai-o-excessos-e-excees.html' title='Parece que sai o Excessos e Exceções'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-1566517647101676986</id><published>2008-05-22T15:40:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2008-05-22T15:45:05.836+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Para um dicionário cisfilosófico</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Calligraphy&amp;quot;;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;C&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;de “Cabimento”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle="miter"&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"&gt;  &lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"&gt;  &lt;o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:102.75pt;"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" title="vangogh"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;De muitas coisas, por exemplo, dos pensamentos, esperamos que elas tenham cabimento. Descartamos pensamentos se eles não cabem: isso é descabido, não tem o &lt;i style=""&gt;menor&lt;/i&gt; cabimento. Imagina-se que seria desejável que tivéssemos idéias com o &lt;i style=""&gt;maior &lt;/i&gt;cabimento. Quanto mais cabimento, &lt;i style=""&gt;melhor&lt;/i&gt;. Poderíamos imaginar uma medida do cabimento – do encaixe perfeito até o ovo de avestruz dentro de um dedal. Há coisas que parecem que tem cabimento, mas que, por um triz (ou dois trizes), não cabem onde as queremos colocar. Medir o cabimento seria como contar trizes – por quantos trizes não aconteceu? Ah, tantos assim, então é não foi que não aconteceu por pouco. Nem tinha cabimento esperar que acontecesse. Contar trizes é como contar acontecimentos. Mas os acontecimentos são famosos por se embaralharem uns nos outros – puxamos um para contar e aparecem logo três, entrelaçados. E quando começamos a contar trizes nos perdemos na complexa geografia dos mundos possíveis: é mais possível que a uva que você encontrou na geladeira fosse uma jabuticaba ou que este livro fosse uma bolha de sabão? Se tivéssemos um trizômetro, mais uma ou duas manivelas nos permitiria montar um medidor de cabimentos. Mas tudo isso é difícil de começar a medir: acontecimentos, pensamentos, cabimentos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Em geral, quando dizemos que alguma coisa não aconteceu por um triz, há alguma coisa que pensamos que ia acontecer. Quando apelamos para os trizes estamos diante de pensamentos que, de alguma maneira, roçam nos acontecimentos. Trata-se de uma relação entre o que prevemos – ou tememos, ou esperamos, ou torcemos – e o que acontece. E quando medimos para ver se os pensamentos – ou outras coisas – cabem, onde esperamos que eles caibam? Quando falamos em cabimento, evocamos a aceitabilidade de alguma coisa: o que é cabível é aceitável. Mas em que caixa devem caber nossos pensamentos? Alguém poderia dizer: na caixa daquilo que acontece.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Ou na caixa daquilo que julgamos que acontece. Não tem cabimento dizer que algum homem engravida porque julgamos que tal coisa não pode acontecer. Quando estamos falando de cabimento tratamos de como os acontecimentos encaixotam os pensamentos: também aqui os pensamentos roçam (nos caixotes) dos acontecimentos. Falar de cabimento parece ser falar de como os pensamentos se encaixam no (que supomos ser) o mundo. Medir o cabimento seria então medir o encaixe entre aquilo que pensamos e como as coisas são. Medimos o encaixe de uma estante entre o sofá e o armário comparando as dimensões do espaço entre os outros móveis e as dimensões da estante. Caber é às vezes entendido como ter lugar – quando dizemos, por exemplo, que o bode cabe na sala, mas não cabe no banheiro. Então nos perguntamos se tem lugar para um pensamento. (Deve ser por isso que dizemos que fazemos colocações – se houver lugar.) Pensar fica parecendo ser colocar alguma coisa entre as caixas e sacos do mundo, e ver se tem cabimento. O cabimento invoca a idéia de que a relação entre o que pensamos e o que existe é de encaixe; se pudermos medir o cabimento poderemos medir as proporções daquilo que pensamos e daquilo que há.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Caber parece, às vezes, também, ser adequado. Falamos que não cabe ao médico decorar nossa casa e que cabe dar a César aquilo que lhe cabe. A filosofia já falou de adequar o intelecto à coisa – e de adequar a coisa ao intelecto. Quando pensa nessas adequações, a filosofia se acostumou a estar prestes a tratar da verdade: ver se o intelecto se encaixa na coisa. A falta de cabimento parece uma medida da falsidade. Um pensamento verdadeiro é aquele que cabe na caixinha. Ter vontade de pensar verdades é ter vontade de encontrar coisas para as quais há lugar dentro das gavetas e prateleiras do mundo. Esbarramos logo com duas propriedades do encaixotamento: várias caixas podem encaixotar a mesma coisa: compramos a tangerina em uma embalagem de plástico, colocamos ela em uma gaveta, depois em uma prateleira, depois em uma mochila e depois embalamos grande parte dela (que cabia dentro da casca) dentro de nós. Porém também várias coisas podem caber (se adequar) em uma caixa – e várias coisas podem caber a uma caixa. A diferença entre “caber em” e “caber a” parece dar pano para manga: por exemplo, quando quer verdade o intelecto se esfalfa para caber em alguma parte do mundo, mas quando quer deferência o intelecto entende que cabe a alguma parte do mundo a ele se adequar. Quando falamos de “caber a”, estamos também apontando para as situações em que dizemos: cabe ao soldado marchar, cabia ao escrivão copiar. Aqui é como se o pensamento “o soldado marcha” não tem seu cabimento em questão, mas ao soldado cabe marchar, é ele que deve caber no pensamento. O cabimento, portanto, diz respeito ao encaixe, de ambos os lados, entre o que pensamos e sobre o que pensamos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Muitos recipientes, muitos conteúdos. Há muitas formas de marchar. Dizer que um soldado marchando é um corpo obedecendo ordens tem cabimento. Muitas formas de embalar, muitas formas de encaixar. O cabimento evoca também o tema da autoridade: a sansão daquilo que determina o que cabe em um recipiente, o que cabe a um conteúdo. Pensar no que há e no que pensamos em termos de cabimento é entender a relação entre pensamento e mundo como uma espécie de quebra-cabeças onde as pontas das peças se encaixam. Ou nós temos que encontrar pensamentos que caibam no mundo, ou o mundo tem que encontrar um modo de fazer aquilo que lhe cabe. No quebra-cabeça, o encaixe nunca é unívoco – há muitos recipientes, muitos conteúdos. Pode ser que nossas descrições, por mais cheias de protuberâncias e reentrâncias que elas sejam, caibam em mais de uma coisa – e pode ser que não caibam &lt;st1:personname productid="em nenhuma. H￡" st="on"&gt;em  nenhuma. Há&lt;/st1:PersonName&gt; também muitas maneiras de caber em uma previsão. Os oráculos bem fazem uso dessa propriedade do encaixotamento. O oráculo disse a Édipo que ele mataria seu pai, dormiria com sua mãe. E, na caixinha não cabia apenas quem nela colocou Édipo; mais de um par de pessoas cabiam nessa previsão. Macbeth se sentia seguro que apenas quando a floresta se levantasse ele correria perigo. Mas a floresta se levantou quando o exército cortou seus galhos e se escondeu atrás deles. Os significados das palavras são como fundos falsos das caixas: aquelas torrentes de significado&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;que chamamos – tentando domesticá-las – de metáforas fazem com que caiba aquilo que não parecia caber. Como encontrar a agulha de um fato em um palheiro de metáforas? Fica Macbeth amaldiçoando as bruxas que mentem enquanto falam a verdade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Os pensamentos e os acontecimentos têm, entretanto, outra coisa em comum: ambos podem escapar da autoridade. Para isso falamos de exceções (e também de excessos). Cabe ao soldado marchar, mas ele pode parar de marchar. Em um conto muito citado de Melville, Bartleby, um escrivão, resolve que não vai mais copiar dizendo: “eu prefiro não”. Tanto acontecimentos quanto pensamentos podem não ter cabimento. Encontramos coisas singulares – não meros exemplos de alguma coisa geral – quando essas coisas não fazem o que cabe aos exemplares fazer. Encontramos pensamentos singulares – que não são apenas casos de algum pensamento com cabimento – quando o pensamento não tem cabimento. Por mais que a singularidade caiba aqui e ali, é apenas quando ela foge dos estribilhos que nós conseguimos nota-la. Se tudo tivesse cabimento – e tudo fizesse o que lhe é cabido – teríamos casos exemplares, não teríamos casos singulares. É talvez por isso que os pensamentos sempre podem ser contorcidos, distorcidos, retorcidos; assim temos a chance de poder olhar para o movimento que as coisas singulares fazem quando se tornam exceção. Ah, as exceções. Alguém pode achar que as exceções acabam sempre entrando nos trilhos; um cisne preto virou exceção, mas depois criamos uma categoria que é categoria dentro de outra categoria e, pronto, já havia um trilho só para cisnes como ele – o que era um caso singular se tornou um caso exemplar. D. H. Lawrence (em “Poetry in Chaos”) apresenta uma imagem interessante: vivemos em um guarda-chuva de ordem em que todas as coisas parecem ter o seu lugar em uma estrutura articulada quase que pré-fabricada, tudo parece ter cabimento. Eventualmente, o guarda-chuva é furado e vemos o céu do outro lado da ordem. O furo logo é remendado e o remendo é pintado com um pedaço do céu. Assim a ordem é restaurada – o que era singular, se torna exemplar. Porém olhar exceção (a falta de cabimento) é olhar o momento mesmo do furo do guarda-chuva. O movimento de sair do cabimento. Quando as coisas escapam do cabimento, o pensamento pode focar nela estando também sem cabimento. Os movimentos dos pensamentos de buscarem atalhos, buracos e ladeiras escorregadias entre o que pensa permite que ele fique cara a cara com as exceções, não quando elas já estão enquadradas, mas quando elas destoam do que é apenas mais um caso. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;O pensamentos e os acontecimentos têm uma intimidade com o cabimento como têm uma cosangüinidade com o movimento. A idéia de cabimento evoca, além da autoridade que faz caber (por exemplo, a autoridade da gaveta em determinar que o elefante nela não cabe), a idéia de obediência: ter cabimento é não começar nada, não ser um ponto de partida; é ocupar um posto – que já existia. Caber é encaixar e fica encaixado aquilo que ocupa um lugar em um plano organizado. Aquilo que tem cabimento obedece – faz o que lhe cabe. Não ter cabimento é começar alguma coisa diferente – que não cabe em um planejamento pronto. A obediência devida: ao soldado marchar, ao escrivão escrever. Fora do cabimento começamos um novo, que não tem lugar, mas que cria para si um lugar. As coisas quando já estão descritas, já tem um lugar para ocupar – se elas não o ocupam, não tem cabimento. O pensamento se move porque nele não há um conjunto fixo de descrições. O pensamento está entre as coisas que pode escapar. Nem os pensamentos e nem os acontecimentos podem não ter cabimento todo o tempo: é dos lugares que eles ocupam que eles começam o seu movimento. E o pensamento é o que fica pastoreando o rebanho daquilo que tomamos como cabível. A exceção é também detectada apenas no movimento. Aquilo que não cabe nas caixas que estão disponíveis. Novas caixas virão, mas ali, naquela tentativa de encaixar, houve um excesso que não coube (não teve o menor cabimento). ‘Exceção’ é ela mesma uma palavra excepcional, com sons de ‘s’ e sem ‘s’ entre suas letras. Se puséssemos logo, sem nenhum cabimento, dois ‘s’ na palavra escreveríamos ‘excessão’. Todo excesso, grande ou pequeno, depende do cabimento – para ser excesso tem que estar fora de algum cabimento. Falar de escapar, de estar sem cabimento está próximo de falar de excessos. Assim, o pensamento tem algo que não cabe entre os acontecimentos, que lhe excede. E o excesso pode vir a ter cabimento mais tarde. No movimento entre agora e mais tarde, saltam aos olhos os excessos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Um taxonomista encontra uma guardadora de excessos. A taxonomista está com uma voz conclusiva:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond; font-variant: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Taxonomista: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Pensamos aquilo que cabe na classificação das coisas, na ordem do mundo. Todo o resto, o excesso, não tem cabimento. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond; font-variant: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Guardador de excessos: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Nossas descrições das coisas sempre admitem que no meio dos conceitos ficaram buracos estreitos. Se tivermos apenas descrições prontas, todas as coisas poderão apenas exemplifica-las, deixaremos de cheirar a diferença entre um incenso de chocolate e um incenso de maracujá ou entre um incenso de maracujá amarelo e um incenso de maracujá doce, ou entre um incenso de maracujá doce com fumaça branca e um incenso de maracujá doce com fumaça marrom, ou entre...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Garamond; font-variant: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Taxonomista: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Mas poderemos alguma hora eventualmente terminar a descrição e pronto, o acontecimento estará ali – ainda que talvez para tanto precisemos de descrições que ocupem muitos volumes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond; font-variant: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Guardador de excessos: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Não poderemos. Pensamos, pensamos e sentimos o apelo para pensar mais. Enquanto isto, as coisas continuam acontecendo. E cada acontecimento tem a capacidade de escapar das emboscadas que lhes fazemos com os conceitos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Exercícios para ficar sem o menor cabimento:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Desafinado. Ter cabimento parece muito com afinar. Mas o que era uma melodia desafinada pode ter se tornado uma outra melodia, com um jeito certo (cabível) de ser tocada de maneira afinada. Entre uma melodia e outra, houve um momento parecido com aquele em que surge uma exceção. De tanto desafinar ao cantarolar uma cantiga, podemos acabar em outra cantiga. Qual?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Faça alguma coisa que não tem cabimento simultaneamente com 7 partes do seu corpo (sempre divida as partes do seu corpo de uma maneira que não tenha cabimento). Quanto tempo demorou para que os gestos e caras e bocas e palavras sem cabimento se tornassem cabíveis?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Em &lt;i style=""&gt;Tristana&lt;/i&gt;, filme de Buñuel, uma personagem vira para outra e diz: dentre as 850 pilastras da mesquita de Códoba, todas aparentemente iguais, qual delas você prefere? A outra personagem responde que a pergunta não tem cabimento. Como medir o cabimento de uma pergunta assim? Contando as diferenças entre as pilastras? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;4.&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Considere como uma pedra não tem cabimento (para quem quer visitar seus interiores) já que ela, nas palavras de Wislawa Szymborska, está fechada:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Eu toco na porta da frente da pedra&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;E digo: “É apenas eu, deixe-me entrar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Quero penetrar nos seus interiores&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Dar uma olhada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Respirar um pouco dos teus ares...”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;“Vá embora”, responde a pedra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;“Eu estou fechada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;mesmo que você me quebre em pedaços&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;nós todas estaremos ainda fechadas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;Você pode nos triturar em areia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;E ainda assim nós não te dexaremos entrar”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 14.2pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Garamond;" lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-1566517647101676986?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/1566517647101676986/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=1566517647101676986' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1566517647101676986'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/1566517647101676986'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/05/para-um-dicionrio-cisfilosfico.html' title='Para um dicionário cisfilosófico'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-6948045056604427099</id><published>2008-03-13T15:35:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2008-04-02T11:32:20.170+03:00</updated><title type='text'>Incursão de outra pétala de uma flor dividual</title><content type='html'>"Quando você fala com Deus - é oração.&lt;br /&gt;Mas quando Deus fala com você - é esquizofrenia."&lt;br /&gt;Laura Pétala Santa &amp;amp; Esquizo&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-6948045056604427099?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/6948045056604427099/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=6948045056604427099' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6948045056604427099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/6948045056604427099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/03/quando-voc-fala-com-deus-orao_13.html' title='Incursão de outra pétala de uma flor dividual'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-3240263124472583135</id><published>2008-02-23T18:07:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2008-02-23T18:13:32.658+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Haecceitas e Haecceidades na Coréia</title><content type='html'>Seoul. The XXII World Congress of Philosophy in late July.&lt;br /&gt;Con Manuel voy a presentar algunas ideas centrales de Excessos &amp;amp; Excessões.&lt;br /&gt;Find the paper in the Escritos roll to your right. It's called Seoul.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-3240263124472583135?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/3240263124472583135/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=3240263124472583135' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/3240263124472583135'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/3240263124472583135'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/02/haecceitas-e-haecceidades-na-coria.html' title='Haecceitas e Haecceidades na Coréia'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1410491161272641698.post-2657940876343682190</id><published>2008-02-22T23:37:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2008-02-23T04:14:52.864+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Excessos e Exceções</title><content type='html'>O livro está sendo terminado. Faltam umas notas, os muitos agradecimentos e o posfácio. E, também, o index. Coloquei o índice na lista de links chamada Alguns escritos, abaixo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;excessos e exceções&lt;br /&gt;por uma ontologia sem cabimento&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O livro (de aproximadamente 90.000 palavras) trata da questão de como pensar singularidades. Há diversas maneiras de suspeitar que o pensamento está condenado às generalidades (às descrições, ao que pode estar sujeito a normas, ao universal, ao geral pensado). Procuro examinar as suspeitas e mostrar como elas podem parecer convincentes. A questão é apresentada e tratada de diversas maneiras em diálogos com muitas questões contemporâneas em filosofia. Ao longo do livro, considero algumas idéias de autores como Agamben, Butler, Davidson, Deleuze, Duns Scotus, Evans, Foucault, Guattari, Kaplan, Levinas, McDowell, Spinoza e Russell sobre singularidades e como pensá-las. Ao final proponho uma direção para que as singularidades possam ser concebidas como acessíveis ao pensamento sem se tornarem meras instâncias de descrições gerais. O livro, portanto, gira em torno de como é possível pensar algo (um objeto, um acontecimento, um processo, uma pessoa) sem descartar de imediato aquilo que o torna singular.&lt;br /&gt;O livro se compõe de 45 pequenos capítulos que são mais ou menos independentes entre si. A idéia é construir um caleidoscópio em torno do tema da singularidade pensada. Os capítulos se dividem em três partes:&lt;br /&gt;I. Exemplares e singulares.&lt;br /&gt;Aqui, um capítulo introdutório (chamado “casos pensados”) e outros 10 capítulos introduzem algumas questões sobre o pensamento, seu elo com a verdade e a tensão entre pensar com verdade e as singularidades. O tema da relação entre descrições definidas e instâncias é tomado como um fio condutor pelo mosaico de formas de introduzir a questão do livro&lt;br /&gt;II. Pensar o único.&lt;br /&gt;Em 24 capítulos, aqui a questão adquire vários matizes. Os elementos éticos e políticos das nossas capacidades de pensar o singular são invocados bem como a dificuldade de conceber o pensamento como sendo mais do que uma manipulação de descrições. A tensão recorrente é aquela entre admitir que partes do mundo são singulares, de um lado, e conceber que o pensamento atua como uma teia de relações internas, de outro. Aqui algumas questões filosóficas contemporâneas como o essencialismo, a metafísica da presença, a natureza da subjetividade, o ceticismo e a vida nua são postas em relação com o esforço de encontrar um modo de pensar o singular.&lt;br /&gt;III. Excessos de exceções. &lt;br /&gt;Nos 10 últimos capítulos apresento um caminho para argumentar que o pensamento pode tratar, em um certo sentido e se levarmos em conta sua dinâmica, de singulares. O foco é considerar não apenas as relações entre os conteúdos pensados, mas também os atos, as durações, enfim, a dinâmica do pensamento. Por fim, a última parte procura re-introduzir a noção de experiência na discussão sobre singularidades em termos diferentes daqueles em que ela é normalmente discutida. Os aspectos ontológicos e políticos da relação entre pensamento e singularidade são trazidos à tona. O livro termina apontando direções para que o pensamento não fique indiferente às singularidades (aquilo que não tem cabimento, que não cabe em nossas descrições).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1410491161272641698-2657940876343682190?l=hybrissolta.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/feeds/2657940876343682190/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1410491161272641698&amp;postID=2657940876343682190' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/2657940876343682190'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1410491161272641698/posts/default/2657940876343682190'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hybrissolta.blogspot.com/2008/02/sem-cabimento.html' title='Excessos e Exceções'/><author><name>Hilan Bensusan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06776772330499199789</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='21' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pWs1aKiBmWg/TbdGNBYjmgI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Yt7PQb1Z2z8/s220/glory1.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry></feed>
